PSYCHIATRIC NURSING

Background: The family remains the primary source of attachment, nurturing, and socialization for humans in our current society. Therefore, the impact of substance use disorders on the family and individual family members merits attention. Substance abuse in the person disturbs the entire family socially, financially and mentally. Family members may experience different types of psychological problems due to family member addicted with the one or other substance. Methodology: A quantitative approach with descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The samples from the selected rural areas of Belgavi district were included by using probability multi-stage random sampling technique. The samples of present study comprises of 60 family members of patients with substance abuse residing in the selected rural areas of Belgavi district. The tools used for data collection was structured bio-psycho-social challenges assessment scale and structured coping strategies scale. Results: The study result reveal that, bio-psycho-social challenges scale mean was 96.83, median was 96; mode was 97 with standard deviation 18.18 and range score of 57-136. Majority 33(55%) of participants were had moderate nature problems, 15(25%) participants were had severe nature problems and remaining 12(20%) of participants were had mild nature problems. With respect to coping of participants coping strategies scale mean was 57.68, median was 58; mode was 58 with standard deviation 10.24 and range score of 38-82. Majority 30(50%) of participants were had poor level of coping, 22(36.7%) participants were had moderate level of coping and remaining 8 (13.3%) of participants were had good level of coping. Conclusion: The findings revealed that, the participants had moderate nature of bio-psycho social problems and moderate level of coping with situation. There is a need for family interventions and family centered programs to minimize the challenges faced by the family members and effectively cope with the situation.

Background: Internet addiction has been called Internet reliance and Internet compulsivity. It is a compulsive behavior that completely dominates the addict's life. Internet addicts make the Internet a more significant than family, friends, and work. The Internet becomes the establishing principle of addicts' lives. Objectives: To assess prevalence of internet addiction, to assess awareness regarding impacts of internet addiction and to find out the association of pretest level of awareness regarding impacts of internet addiction on health among high school students with their selected personal variables. Methodology: A quantitative approach with exploratory descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The samples from the selected high schools were selected using convenient sampling technique. The sample consisted of 50 students of high school. The tools used for data collection was structured prevalence of internet addiction and structured awareness scale on impact of internet addiction on health. Results: The study result reveal that, majority 24 (48%) participants were mildly addicted, 23 (46%) participants were moderately affected and remaining 3 (6%) of participants were severely affected with internet addiction. The participant's awareness mean was 11.80, median was 13, mode was 14 with standard deviation 3.83 and score range was 5-19. Majority 30 (60%) of participants were had moderate level of awareness, 15 (30%) of participants were had poor level of awareness and remaining 5 (10%) of participants were had good level of awareness regarding impact of internet addiction on health. Conclusion: The findings revealed that prevalence rate of internet addiction was moderate and awareness regarding impact of internet addiction on health was average. There is a need for the education for the young generation regarding health impacts of internet addiction and prevention of it.

At the end of the 19th century, the black fungus which is clinically relevant to the black yeasts and their relatives, i.e., members of the Ascomycete (also known as sac fungi) order Chaetothyriales. Knowing the natural ecological niche of this fungus is essential to understand their pathology, the black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis, a potential agent of brain infections. The Black fungus is also known as Mucormycosis, a serious fungal Infection, causes of the black fungus Mucormycetes are a type of mould that causes fungal infections. These moulds can be found everywhere in the environment, like soil, air, and food. Hospital part of the infection which includes skin, also. The affected area may become as blistered, red, or swollen and maybe experience pain, blackening over the affected area or warmth of the skin from the infectious site, through blood circulation carry the infection to other parts of the body. The diagnostic purpose of the black fungus culture biopsy, CT scan of lungs and sinuses based on the patient condition other lab investigations are been recommended. Black fungus is treated with the antifungal agent’ samphotericin B and caspofungin or Posaconazole. The result showed the survival rates are much higher in patients with rhino orbital cerebral mucormycosis. These infections have been discovered in patients who have developed co-fungal infections due to covid -19 as post complication. The virus effect later in life, which is known as mucormycosis or black fungal infection which leads to vision and hearing loss, and ultimately causes death.